3.24 \(\int \cot (d+e x) \sqrt{a+b \cot ^2(d+e x)+c \cot ^4(d+e x)} \, dx\)

Optimal. Leaf size=179 \[ -\frac{\sqrt{a+b \cot ^2(d+e x)+c \cot ^4(d+e x)}}{2 e}+\frac{\sqrt{a-b+c} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{2 a+(b-2 c) \cot ^2(d+e x)-b}{2 \sqrt{a-b+c} \sqrt{a+b \cot ^2(d+e x)+c \cot ^4(d+e x)}}\right )}{2 e}-\frac{(b-2 c) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{b+2 c \cot ^2(d+e x)}{2 \sqrt{c} \sqrt{a+b \cot ^2(d+e x)+c \cot ^4(d+e x)}}\right )}{4 \sqrt{c} e} \]

[Out]

(Sqrt[a - b + c]*ArcTanh[(2*a - b + (b - 2*c)*Cot[d + e*x]^2)/(2*Sqrt[a - b + c]*Sqrt[a + b*Cot[d + e*x]^2 + c
*Cot[d + e*x]^4])])/(2*e) - ((b - 2*c)*ArcTanh[(b + 2*c*Cot[d + e*x]^2)/(2*Sqrt[c]*Sqrt[a + b*Cot[d + e*x]^2 +
c*Cot[d + e*x]^4])])/(4*Sqrt[c]*e) - Sqrt[a + b*Cot[d + e*x]^2 + c*Cot[d + e*x]^4]/(2*e)

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Rubi [A]  time = 0.221058, antiderivative size = 179, normalized size of antiderivative = 1., number of steps used = 8, number of rules used = 7, integrand size = 33, \(\frac{\text{number of rules}}{\text{integrand size}}\) = 0.212, Rules used = {3701, 1247, 734, 843, 621, 206, 724} \[ -\frac{\sqrt{a+b \cot ^2(d+e x)+c \cot ^4(d+e x)}}{2 e}+\frac{\sqrt{a-b+c} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{2 a+(b-2 c) \cot ^2(d+e x)-b}{2 \sqrt{a-b+c} \sqrt{a+b \cot ^2(d+e x)+c \cot ^4(d+e x)}}\right )}{2 e}-\frac{(b-2 c) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{b+2 c \cot ^2(d+e x)}{2 \sqrt{c} \sqrt{a+b \cot ^2(d+e x)+c \cot ^4(d+e x)}}\right )}{4 \sqrt{c} e} \]

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

Int[Cot[d + e*x]*Sqrt[a + b*Cot[d + e*x]^2 + c*Cot[d + e*x]^4],x]

[Out]

(Sqrt[a - b + c]*ArcTanh[(2*a - b + (b - 2*c)*Cot[d + e*x]^2)/(2*Sqrt[a - b + c]*Sqrt[a + b*Cot[d + e*x]^2 + c
*Cot[d + e*x]^4])])/(2*e) - ((b - 2*c)*ArcTanh[(b + 2*c*Cot[d + e*x]^2)/(2*Sqrt[c]*Sqrt[a + b*Cot[d + e*x]^2 +
c*Cot[d + e*x]^4])])/(4*Sqrt[c]*e) - Sqrt[a + b*Cot[d + e*x]^2 + c*Cot[d + e*x]^4]/(2*e)

Rule 3701

Int[cot[(d_.) + (e_.)*(x_)]^(m_.)*((a_.) + (b_.)*(cot[(d_.) + (e_.)*(x_)]*(f_.))^(n_.) + (c_.)*(cot[(d_.) + (e
_.)*(x_)]*(f_.))^(n2_.))^(p_), x_Symbol] :> -Dist[f/e, Subst[Int[((x/f)^m*(a + b*x^n + c*x^(2*n))^p)/(f^2 + x^
2), x], x, f*Cot[d + e*x]], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, f, m, n, p}, x] && EqQ[n2, 2*n] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0]

Rule 1247

Int[(x_)*((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^2)^(q_.)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2 + (c_.)*(x_)^4)^(p_.), x_Symbol] :> Dist[1/2, Subst[
Int[(d + e*x)^q*(a + b*x + c*x^2)^p, x], x, x^2], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, p, q}, x]

Rule 734

Int[((d_.) + (e_.)*(x_))^(m_)*((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2)^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[((d + e*x)^(m + 1)*(
a + b*x + c*x^2)^p)/(e*(m + 2*p + 1)), x] - Dist[p/(e*(m + 2*p + 1)), Int[(d + e*x)^m*Simp[b*d - 2*a*e + (2*c*
d - b*e)*x, x]*(a + b*x + c*x^2)^(p - 1), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, m}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && NeQ
[c*d^2 - b*d*e + a*e^2, 0] && NeQ[2*c*d - b*e, 0] && GtQ[p, 0] && NeQ[m + 2*p + 1, 0] && ( !RationalQ[m] || Lt
Q[m, 1]) &&  !ILtQ[m + 2*p, 0] && IntQuadraticQ[a, b, c, d, e, m, p, x]

Rule 843

Int[((d_.) + (e_.)*(x_))^(m_)*((f_.) + (g_.)*(x_))*((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2)^(p_.), x_Symbol] :> Dis
t[g/e, Int[(d + e*x)^(m + 1)*(a + b*x + c*x^2)^p, x], x] + Dist[(e*f - d*g)/e, Int[(d + e*x)^m*(a + b*x + c*x^
2)^p, x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, f, g, m, p}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && NeQ[c*d^2 - b*d*e + a*e^2, 0]
&&  !IGtQ[m, 0]

Rule 621

Int[1/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2], x_Symbol] :> Dist[2, Subst[Int[1/(4*c - x^2), x], x, (b + 2*c*x)
/Sqrt[a + b*x + c*x^2]], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0]

Rule 206

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(1*ArcTanh[(Rt[-b, 2]*x)/Rt[a, 2]])/(Rt[a, 2]*Rt[-b, 2]), x]
/; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && NegQ[a/b] && (GtQ[a, 0] || LtQ[b, 0])

Rule 724

Int[1/(((d_.) + (e_.)*(x_))*Sqrt[(a_.) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2]), x_Symbol] :> Dist[-2, Subst[Int[1/(4*c*d
^2 - 4*b*d*e + 4*a*e^2 - x^2), x], x, (2*a*e - b*d - (2*c*d - b*e)*x)/Sqrt[a + b*x + c*x^2]], x] /; FreeQ[{a,
b, c, d, e}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && NeQ[2*c*d - b*e, 0]

Rubi steps

\begin{align*} \int \cot (d+e x) \sqrt{a+b \cot ^2(d+e x)+c \cot ^4(d+e x)} \, dx &=-\frac{\operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{x \sqrt{a+b x^2+c x^4}}{1+x^2} \, dx,x,\cot (d+e x)\right )}{e}\\ &=-\frac{\operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{\sqrt{a+b x+c x^2}}{1+x} \, dx,x,\cot ^2(d+e x)\right )}{2 e}\\ &=-\frac{\sqrt{a+b \cot ^2(d+e x)+c \cot ^4(d+e x)}}{2 e}+\frac{\operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{-2 a+b-(b-2 c) x}{(1+x) \sqrt{a+b x+c x^2}} \, dx,x,\cot ^2(d+e x)\right )}{4 e}\\ &=-\frac{\sqrt{a+b \cot ^2(d+e x)+c \cot ^4(d+e x)}}{2 e}-\frac{(b-2 c) \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{a+b x+c x^2}} \, dx,x,\cot ^2(d+e x)\right )}{4 e}-\frac{(a-b+c) \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{(1+x) \sqrt{a+b x+c x^2}} \, dx,x,\cot ^2(d+e x)\right )}{2 e}\\ &=-\frac{\sqrt{a+b \cot ^2(d+e x)+c \cot ^4(d+e x)}}{2 e}-\frac{(b-2 c) \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{4 c-x^2} \, dx,x,\frac{b+2 c \cot ^2(d+e x)}{\sqrt{a+b \cot ^2(d+e x)+c \cot ^4(d+e x)}}\right )}{2 e}+\frac{(a-b+c) \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{4 a-4 b+4 c-x^2} \, dx,x,\frac{2 a-b-(-b+2 c) \cot ^2(d+e x)}{\sqrt{a+b \cot ^2(d+e x)+c \cot ^4(d+e x)}}\right )}{e}\\ &=\frac{\sqrt{a-b+c} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{2 a-b+(b-2 c) \cot ^2(d+e x)}{2 \sqrt{a-b+c} \sqrt{a+b \cot ^2(d+e x)+c \cot ^4(d+e x)}}\right )}{2 e}-\frac{(b-2 c) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{b+2 c \cot ^2(d+e x)}{2 \sqrt{c} \sqrt{a+b \cot ^2(d+e x)+c \cot ^4(d+e x)}}\right )}{4 \sqrt{c} e}-\frac{\sqrt{a+b \cot ^2(d+e x)+c \cot ^4(d+e x)}}{2 e}\\ \end{align*}

Mathematica [C]  time = 34.9679, size = 286262, normalized size = 1599.23 \[ \text{Result too large to show} \]

Warning: Unable to verify antiderivative.

[In]

Integrate[Cot[d + e*x]*Sqrt[a + b*Cot[d + e*x]^2 + c*Cot[d + e*x]^4],x]

[Out]

Result too large to show

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Maple [A]  time = 0.058, size = 289, normalized size = 1.6 \begin{align*} -{\frac{1}{2\,e}\sqrt{ \left ( \left ( \cot \left ( ex+d \right ) \right ) ^{2}+1 \right ) ^{2}c+ \left ( b-2\,c \right ) \left ( \left ( \cot \left ( ex+d \right ) \right ) ^{2}+1 \right ) +a-b+c}}-{\frac{b}{4\,e}\ln \left ({ \left ({\frac{b}{2}}-c+c \left ( \left ( \cot \left ( ex+d \right ) \right ) ^{2}+1 \right ) \right ){\frac{1}{\sqrt{c}}}}+\sqrt{ \left ( \left ( \cot \left ( ex+d \right ) \right ) ^{2}+1 \right ) ^{2}c+ \left ( b-2\,c \right ) \left ( \left ( \cot \left ( ex+d \right ) \right ) ^{2}+1 \right ) +a-b+c} \right ){\frac{1}{\sqrt{c}}}}+{\frac{1}{2\,e}\ln \left ({ \left ({\frac{b}{2}}-c+c \left ( \left ( \cot \left ( ex+d \right ) \right ) ^{2}+1 \right ) \right ){\frac{1}{\sqrt{c}}}}+\sqrt{ \left ( \left ( \cot \left ( ex+d \right ) \right ) ^{2}+1 \right ) ^{2}c+ \left ( b-2\,c \right ) \left ( \left ( \cot \left ( ex+d \right ) \right ) ^{2}+1 \right ) +a-b+c} \right ) \sqrt{c}}+{\frac{1}{2\,e}\sqrt{a-b+c}\ln \left ({\frac{1}{ \left ( \cot \left ( ex+d \right ) \right ) ^{2}+1} \left ( 2\,a-2\,b+2\,c+ \left ( b-2\,c \right ) \left ( \left ( \cot \left ( ex+d \right ) \right ) ^{2}+1 \right ) +2\,\sqrt{a-b+c}\sqrt{ \left ( \left ( \cot \left ( ex+d \right ) \right ) ^{2}+1 \right ) ^{2}c+ \left ( b-2\,c \right ) \left ( \left ( \cot \left ( ex+d \right ) \right ) ^{2}+1 \right ) +a-b+c} \right ) } \right ) } \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

int(cot(e*x+d)*(a+b*cot(e*x+d)^2+c*cot(e*x+d)^4)^(1/2),x)

[Out]

-1/2/e*((cot(e*x+d)^2+1)^2*c+(b-2*c)*(cot(e*x+d)^2+1)+a-b+c)^(1/2)-1/4/e*ln((1/2*b-c+c*(cot(e*x+d)^2+1))/c^(1/
2)+((cot(e*x+d)^2+1)^2*c+(b-2*c)*(cot(e*x+d)^2+1)+a-b+c)^(1/2))/c^(1/2)*b+1/2/e*ln((1/2*b-c+c*(cot(e*x+d)^2+1)
)/c^(1/2)+((cot(e*x+d)^2+1)^2*c+(b-2*c)*(cot(e*x+d)^2+1)+a-b+c)^(1/2))*c^(1/2)+1/2/e*(a-b+c)^(1/2)*ln((2*a-2*b
+2*c+(b-2*c)*(cot(e*x+d)^2+1)+2*(a-b+c)^(1/2)*((cot(e*x+d)^2+1)^2*c+(b-2*c)*(cot(e*x+d)^2+1)+a-b+c)^(1/2))/(co
t(e*x+d)^2+1))

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Maxima [F]  time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \begin{align*} \int \sqrt{c \cot \left (e x + d\right )^{4} + b \cot \left (e x + d\right )^{2} + a} \cot \left (e x + d\right )\,{d x} \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(cot(e*x+d)*(a+b*cot(e*x+d)^2+c*cot(e*x+d)^4)^(1/2),x, algorithm="maxima")

[Out]

integrate(sqrt(c*cot(e*x + d)^4 + b*cot(e*x + d)^2 + a)*cot(e*x + d), x)

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Fricas [B]  time = 18.3588, size = 4745, normalized size = 26.51 \begin{align*} \text{result too large to display} \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(cot(e*x+d)*(a+b*cot(e*x+d)^2+c*cot(e*x+d)^4)^(1/2),x, algorithm="fricas")

[Out]

[1/8*(2*sqrt(a - b + c)*c*log(2*(a^2 - 2*a*b + b^2 + 2*(a - b)*c + c^2)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 + 2*a^2 - b^2 + 2*c
^2 + 2*((a - b + c)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 - (2*a - b)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d) + a - c)*sqrt(a - b + c)*sqrt(((a - b + c)
*cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 - 2*(a - c)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d) + a + b + c)/(cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 - 2*cos(2*e*x + 2*d) + 1)) -
4*(a^2 - a*b + b*c - c^2)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d)) - (b - 2*c)*sqrt(c)*log(((b^2 + 4*(a - 2*b)*c + 8*c^2)*cos(2*e*x
+ 2*d)^2 + b^2 + 4*(a + 2*b)*c + 8*c^2 + 4*((b - 2*c)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 - 2*b*cos(2*e*x + 2*d) + b + 2*c)*sqr
t(c)*sqrt(((a - b + c)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 - 2*(a - c)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d) + a + b + c)/(cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 - 2*co
s(2*e*x + 2*d) + 1)) - 2*(b^2 + 4*a*c - 8*c^2)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d))/(cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 - 2*cos(2*e*x + 2*d) + 1)
) - 4*c*sqrt(((a - b + c)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 - 2*(a - c)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d) + a + b + c)/(cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 - 2
*cos(2*e*x + 2*d) + 1)))/(c*e), -1/4*((b - 2*c)*sqrt(-c)*arctan(-1/2*((b - 2*c)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 - 2*b*cos(2
*e*x + 2*d) + b + 2*c)*sqrt(-c)*sqrt(((a - b + c)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 - 2*(a - c)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d) + a + b + c)
/(cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 - 2*cos(2*e*x + 2*d) + 1))/(((a - b)*c + c^2)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 + (a + b)*c + c^2 - 2*(a
*c - c^2)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d))) - sqrt(a - b + c)*c*log(2*(a^2 - 2*a*b + b^2 + 2*(a - b)*c + c^2)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d
)^2 + 2*a^2 - b^2 + 2*c^2 + 2*((a - b + c)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 - (2*a - b)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d) + a - c)*sqrt(a - b
+ c)*sqrt(((a - b + c)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 - 2*(a - c)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d) + a + b + c)/(cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 - 2*c
os(2*e*x + 2*d) + 1)) - 4*(a^2 - a*b + b*c - c^2)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d)) + 2*c*sqrt(((a - b + c)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2
- 2*(a - c)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d) + a + b + c)/(cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 - 2*cos(2*e*x + 2*d) + 1)))/(c*e), -1/8*(4*sqrt
(-a + b - c)*c*arctan(((a - b + c)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 - (2*a - b)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d) + a - c)*sqrt(-a + b - c)*s
qrt(((a - b + c)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 - 2*(a - c)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d) + a + b + c)/(cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 - 2*cos(2*e*
x + 2*d) + 1))/((a^2 - 2*a*b + b^2 + 2*(a - b)*c + c^2)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 + a^2 - b^2 + 2*a*c + c^2 - 2*(a^2
- a*b + b*c - c^2)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d))) + (b - 2*c)*sqrt(c)*log(((b^2 + 4*(a - 2*b)*c + 8*c^2)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^
2 + b^2 + 4*(a + 2*b)*c + 8*c^2 + 4*((b - 2*c)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 - 2*b*cos(2*e*x + 2*d) + b + 2*c)*sqrt(c)*sq
rt(((a - b + c)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 - 2*(a - c)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d) + a + b + c)/(cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 - 2*cos(2*e*x
+ 2*d) + 1)) - 2*(b^2 + 4*a*c - 8*c^2)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d))/(cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 - 2*cos(2*e*x + 2*d) + 1)) + 4*c
*sqrt(((a - b + c)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 - 2*(a - c)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d) + a + b + c)/(cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 - 2*cos(2*
e*x + 2*d) + 1)))/(c*e), -1/4*(2*sqrt(-a + b - c)*c*arctan(((a - b + c)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 - (2*a - b)*cos(2*e
*x + 2*d) + a - c)*sqrt(-a + b - c)*sqrt(((a - b + c)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 - 2*(a - c)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d) + a + b
+ c)/(cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 - 2*cos(2*e*x + 2*d) + 1))/((a^2 - 2*a*b + b^2 + 2*(a - b)*c + c^2)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^
2 + a^2 - b^2 + 2*a*c + c^2 - 2*(a^2 - a*b + b*c - c^2)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d))) + (b - 2*c)*sqrt(-c)*arctan(-1/2*((
b - 2*c)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 - 2*b*cos(2*e*x + 2*d) + b + 2*c)*sqrt(-c)*sqrt(((a - b + c)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 -
2*(a - c)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d) + a + b + c)/(cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 - 2*cos(2*e*x + 2*d) + 1))/(((a - b)*c + c^2)*cos(
2*e*x + 2*d)^2 + (a + b)*c + c^2 - 2*(a*c - c^2)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d))) + 2*c*sqrt(((a - b + c)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2
- 2*(a - c)*cos(2*e*x + 2*d) + a + b + c)/(cos(2*e*x + 2*d)^2 - 2*cos(2*e*x + 2*d) + 1)))/(c*e)]

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Sympy [F]  time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \begin{align*} \int \sqrt{a + b \cot ^{2}{\left (d + e x \right )} + c \cot ^{4}{\left (d + e x \right )}} \cot{\left (d + e x \right )}\, dx \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(cot(e*x+d)*(a+b*cot(e*x+d)**2+c*cot(e*x+d)**4)**(1/2),x)

[Out]

Integral(sqrt(a + b*cot(d + e*x)**2 + c*cot(d + e*x)**4)*cot(d + e*x), x)

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Giac [F(-1)]  time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \begin{align*} \text{Timed out} \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(cot(e*x+d)*(a+b*cot(e*x+d)^2+c*cot(e*x+d)^4)^(1/2),x, algorithm="giac")

[Out]

Timed out